What are Gums?

Gums, or gingiva, are the pink tissue that surrounds each tooth like a collar, extending below the visible part of the tooth. Rich in blood vessels, gums help protect the tooth roots and are firmly attached to the jawbone.

What is Gum Recession?

Gum recession is a common dental problem that can occur at any age. Many people may not notice gum recession because it occurs gradually over time. Gum recession can result from various factors, and its treatment depends on the underlying cause. If you suspect gum recession, it is important to see a dentist promptly.

What are the Symptoms of Gum Recession?

The initial symptom of gum recession is often sensitivity in the teeth. Other symptoms may include:

• Bleeding gums during brushing or at other times
• Bleeding when eating hard foods (such as apples or pears)
• Teeth appearing longer than usual
• Redness or swelling of the gums

What Causes Gum Recession?

Several factors can contribute to gum recession, including:

• Periodontal diseases: Bacterial infections of the gum tissue that destroy the bone supporting the teeth. Gum disease is the primary cause of gum recession.
• Genetic factors: Some individuals may be more susceptible to gum disease. Research suggests that about 30% of the population may be genetically predisposed to gum disease independent of their oral hygiene habits.
• Incorrect or aggressive tooth brushing: Brushing too hard or using improper technique can lead to erosion of the protective enamel layer (tooth enamel) and gum recession.
• Inadequate oral hygiene: Insufficient or infrequent brushing, failure to use antibacterial mouthwash, and not flossing regularly can lead to the formation of plaque, which can harden into tartar. Tartar can contribute to gum recession.
• Hormonal changes: Events such as puberty, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and menopause, which cause fluctuations in hormone levels, can make the gums more sensitive, leading to increased gum recession.
• Tobacco use: Tobacco users are more likely to have sticky plaque that is difficult to remove and may contribute to gum recession.
• Bruxism (teeth grinding or clenching): Clenching or grinding your teeth, especially during times of stress, can exert excessive force on the teeth and gums, leading to gum recession.
• Misaligned teeth or improper bite: When teeth do not align properly, excessive pressure on the teeth, gums, and bone over time can cause gum recession.
• Lip or tongue piercings: Jewelry in these areas can continuously irritate the gum tissue, leading to erosion and irritation. If gum recession is observed only in areas where jewelry contacts the gums, removing the piercing may be beneficial.

How is Gum Recession Treated?

Treatment for mild gum recession involves deep cleaning the affected area by a dentist. During deep cleaning, plaque and tartar that have formed below the gum line are carefully removed, and the exposed root surface is smoothed to make it more difficult for bacteria to adhere. If deemed necessary, your dentist may prescribe antibiotics to eliminate remaining harmful bacteria.

If your gum recession is severe, with significant bone loss and deep pockets that cannot be addressed by deep cleaning alone, gum surgery may be required to repair the damage caused by gum recession.

Who is at Risk of Gum Recession?

Although gum recession can occur at any age, advancing age is considered a risk factor for gum recession. Approximately 88% of individuals over the age of 65 have gum recession in at least one tooth.

People who smoke or use tobacco products are also at increased risk of gum recession.

A family history of gum recession should be considered a warning sign, as genetics play a significant role in gum recession.

Diabetes is a chronic condition that can increase the risk of gum recession.

What Types of Surgery are Used to Treat Gum Recession?

Several surgical procedures may be used to treat gum recession:

• Open flap surgery: During this procedure, the dentist folds back the affected gum tissue, removes harmful bacteria from the pockets, and then secures the gum tissue back in place over the root, reducing or eliminating the pockets.
• Guided tissue regeneration: If the bone supporting your teeth has been damaged as a result of gum recession, a procedure to regenerate lost bone and tissue may be recommended. Similar to reducing pocket depth, the dentist folds back the gum tissue and removes bacteria. A membrane, graft tissue, or tissue-stimulating protein is applied to the area. After the regenerative material is placed, the gum tissue is secured over the tooth or teeth.
• Soft tissue graft: There are various types of soft tissue graft procedures, but the most common is the connective tissue graft. In this procedure, tissue is taken from the roof of the mouth or another donor site and stitched to the gum tissue surrounding the exposed root. Your dentist will determine the best type of procedure for you based on your individual needs.

How Can Gum Recession be Prevented?

The best way to prevent gum recession is through thorough and regular oral care. Brush your teeth and floss every day, and visit your dentist at least twice a year or as recommended. If you have gum recession, your dentist may want to see you more frequently. Always use a soft-bristled toothbrush, and ask your dentist to show you the correct way to brush your teeth. Other ways to prevent gum recession include:

• Quit smoking or using any tobacco products.
• Maintain a balanced and healthy diet.
• Monitor changes in your mouth closely and do not ignore them. By taking good care of your teeth, you can maintain a healthy smile for life.

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  Disclaimer:
  The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. If you have any health concerns or are experiencing symptoms, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a doctor or clinic, for proper diagnosis and treatment. Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Do not disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read in this article.