Cholesterol Medications and Treatment Options

Controlling cholesterol levels is crucial for preventing heart disease and other serious health issues. Experts have outlined what you need to know about cholesterol testing and management. Research has found that 86 million people in the US have high cholesterol levels, yet one-third of Americans haven't had their cholesterol levels checked in the past five years. Understanding when to get tested and what the numbers mean can be daunting. So, how harmful is 'bad cholesterol,' and should you worry if your total cholesterol is nearing high levels? How much can you lower your cholesterol levels by changing your diet or exercise habits? The New York Times asked experts about what you need to know about cholesterol tests and management. But first, let's look at what cholesterol is.

Health Feb 27, 2024 0 108 Add to Reading List

Cholesterol Medications and Treatment Options

What is Cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a fatty substance produced by the liver and is classified as a lipid. It's needed for making cell membranes, hormones, and more. Typically, the liver produces all the cholesterol we need. However, certain foods, including meat and dairy products, can increase cholesterol levels in your blood, so you may be asked to fast before a cholesterol test.

Cholesterol Can Lead to Heart Attacks and Strokes

Cholesterol is feared among people due to its association with conditions like arterial plaque buildup and atherosclerosis. This condition is medically termed atherosclerosis. Accumulated cholesterol in the arteries can block blood flow to the heart, leading to a heart attack. Clots can also break off and travel to other parts of the body, causing strokes. In most people, there are no symptoms until the arteries are significantly blocked.

When Should You Get a Cholesterol Test?

According to the American Heart Association, all adults aged 20 and older should have their cholesterol levels checked every four to six years. If you have specific risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or a family history of heart disease, you may need more frequent checks.

What's a Normal Cholesterol Level?

Normal cholesterol levels vary depending on various factors. Cholesterol levels generally increase with age. Men tend to have higher levels throughout their lives, while women typically experience an increase during pregnancy or menopause. Some genes can also influence how much cholesterol your body produces. Perhaps the most important number to track is your LDL, often referred to as 'bad cholesterol,' which accumulates in artery walls.

The Lower Your Cholesterol, the Better

Lower cholesterol is better. Dr. Douglas Jacoby, Medical Director of Preventive Cardiology and Lipid Management at Penn Medicine's Cardiovascular Institute, suggests that people with diabetes, existing plaque buildup, or a risk of heart disease may need to keep their LDL below 70. High triglyceride levels are also associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Ideally, these levels should be below 150 mg/dL.

What Can I Do to Lower My Cholesterol?

Experts suggest several strategies for lowering cholesterol. Consuming more soluble fiber found in legumes, whole grains, seeds, fruits, and vegetables can help bind cholesterol in the digestive system and eliminate it from your body.

On the other hand, try to limit saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol-rich foods like red meat, butter, and cheese, and instead opt for plant-based proteins and minimally processed foods.

Do Cholesterol Medications Lower Cholesterol?

If you've had a heart attack or stroke before, or if significant blockages are seen in your arteries on ultrasound or angiogram, your doctor may prescribe cholesterol-lowering medications. If your LDL cholesterol is 190 or higher, your doctor may also consider medication. Wilkins noted that doctors evaluate cholesterol levels along with factors such as age, family history, smoking history, and other factors before deciding whether to prescribe medication.

"No One Is at Zero Risk. But There's a Lot You Can Do to Mitigate That"

The most commonly prescribed cholesterol medications by doctors to patients are statins, which lower LDL cholesterol. Wilkins mentioned that finding the right medication and dosage may require some trial and error and that most people may need to take statins lifelong. Stopping medication could result in your cholesterol levels and risk of developing heart disease increasing again. Wilkins stated, "No one is at zero risk. But there's a lot you can do to mitigate that.

In the UK, several hospitals are renowned for their expertise in cardiovascular treatment. Some of the best hospitals for cardiovascular care in the UK include:

Papworth Hospital - Located in Cambridge, Papworth Hospital is known for its cardiac services, including heart transplants and treatment for complex heart conditions.
Royal Brompton Hospital - Situated in London, Royal Brompton Hospital is a specialist heart and lung hospital with a strong reputation for cardiovascular care.
St. Thomas' Hospital - Based in London, St. Thomas' Hospital offers comprehensive cardiovascular services, including advanced cardiac surgery and intervention.
The Heart Hospital - Part of University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Heart Hospital specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of heart conditions.
Golden Jubilee National Hospital - Located in Clydebank, Scotland, this hospital is known for its cardiac services, including heart surgery and cardiology.

In Turkey, several hospitals are also renowned for their advanced cardiovascular care. Some of the best hospitals for cardiovascular treatment in Turkey include:

Acibadem Healthcare Group - With multiple locations across Turkey, Acibadem is known for its comprehensive cardiovascular services, including surgery and intervention.
Medipol Mega University Hospital - Located in Istanbul, Medipol Mega University Hospital offers a wide range of cardiovascular treatments and surgeries.
Anadolu Medical Center - Situated in Istanbul, Anadolu Medical Center is known for its advanced cardiac care, including minimally invasive procedures.
Memorial Healthcare Group - With several hospitals in Turkey, Memorial Healthcare Group offers specialized cardiovascular care and advanced treatment options.
American Hospital Istanbul - Located in Istanbul, the American Hospital is known for its high-quality cardiac services and advanced treatment technologies.

When considering hospitals for cardiovascular treatment, it's important to research each hospital's specific expertise, facilities, and patient outcomes to ensure you receive the best care possible.